Crime Analysis - 954 Words

HOW TECHNOLOGY IS USED IN CRIME ANALYSIS CJ 216 Highfill, Lucrissa 9/7/2010 Leave this page blank The first step in the crime analysis process is the collection of data; this step is closely connected to data storage. As noted above, this step occurs outside the direct control of the crime analysis function. In most police agencies, officers and/or civilian employees enter crime reports and other data into a computer system. Officers may write reports in longhand that are then entered into the computer system by data entry clerks, officers may input incident reports directly into a computer system, or police dispatchers may write reports directly into the computer system. The policies dictating data entry procedures, as†¦show more content†¦Ã¯â€šâ€¢Ã¯â‚¬  Temporal, spatial (crime mapping), and sociodemographic factors are key areas of focus in crime analysts’ examinations of crime, disorder, and other police-related issues. ï‚•ï€  The goals of crime analysis are to assist police in criminal apprehension, crime and disorder reduction, crime prevention, and evaluation. ï‚•ï€  The crime analysis process—that is, the general way in which crime analysis is practiced—includes the steps of data collection, data collation, analysis, dissemination of results, and the receipt of feedback from users of the information. ï‚•ï€  The data modification sub cycle is a sub process within the crime analysis process in which the analyst makes changes in data collection and collation procedures based on insights gained during the analysis. ï‚•ï€  The term crime analysis refers to a general concept and to a discipline practiced in the policing community. The five major types of crime analysis— intelligence analysis, criminal investigative analysis, tactical crime analysis, strategic crime analysis, and administrative crime analysis—differ from one another in purpose, scope, data, and analysis techniques. ï‚•ï€  Tactical crime analysis is the study of recent criminal incidents and potential criminal activity through the examination of characteristics such as how, when, and where the activity has occurred to assistShow MoreRelatedTactical Crime Analysis : Crime And Disorder906 Words   |  4 PagesTactical crime analysis is the study of recent criminal incidents and potential criminal activity through the examination of characteristics such as how, when, and where the activity has occurred to assist in pattern development, investigative lead and suspect identification, and case clearance (Santos, 2012). â€Å"The first goal of tactical crime analysis is pattern identification, which consists of linking crimes by type, MO, person, and vehicle characteristics, among other things† (Santos, 2012).Read MoreGlobal Crime Analysis1134 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Crimes Analysis University of Phoenix Cynthia Butler CJA/394 April 16, 2012 This paper will identify the various major global crimes and criminal issues that affect national and international criminal justice systems and processes. In addition, there will be a comparison and contrast of the different criminal justice systems and how they have addressed major global crimes and criminal issues. Global crime is an issue that threatens the safety andRead MorePersonal Crime Analysis656 Words   |  3 PagesPersonal Crime Analysis Personal crimes are crimes committed against a person, which affects the victim in a personal way. Personal crimes consist of homicide, assault, battery, mayhem, rape, and statutory rape. This paper will identify, define, and differentiate these types of personal crimes. Homicide â€Å"is the killing of one human being by another human being† (Schmalleger Dolatowski, 2010). There are three different types of homicide, which are justifiable, excusable, and criminal. CommonRead MoreHistorical Analysis : Geographic Crime2536 Words   |  11 PagesGeographic crime analysis if filled with a wide variety of theories in part due to the nature of the subject. Even the unit of analysis is something that is contended and researched and argued (Weisburd, Bruinsma Bernasco, 2009). Over the years this field of study has widened and gone from simple of states on the country level to in-depth street level analysis relative to specific crimes. This paper looks to review the evolution of geographic crime analysis, examine how it is currently being appliedRead MoreStatistical Analysis for Property Crimes1120 Words   |  5 Pagesregression analysis. I have attached a PDF file that explains the case and the spreadsheet version with all the data recorded fr om the PDF file. Pleas emae sure you include all the graphs, plots and please use megastat software. Topic: We want to determine the primary factors that affect property crime rates in the United States. The statistical analysis of the data involves multiple-regression analysis. Questions to answer are: 1. What are the primary determinants of property crimes in theRead MoreStatistical Analysis Of Campus Crime1220 Words   |  5 PagesStatistical Analysis of Campus Crime Reported by Xing Huang Abstract The report sets out two hypothesizes to examine whether the factors—acceptance rate, campus size, private and number of admin staff—have a influence on the number of both 2010 and 2011 burglaries. The purpose of this report is to provide evidence for city managers to deal with the campus crime. The analysis indicates that city managers should carry out a more effective program for private schools to protect students from campus crime, andRead MoreCrime Analysis Enhances Criminal Investigations2533 Words   |  10 Pageshas been fluctuation in particular crime categories, overall crime in general has decreased in Australia in recent years (Dearden Bricknell: 2008). It is due to this fluctuation in particular crimes that the media continues to play a role in misrepresenting crime rates, creating community fear and concerns regarding crime in this country (Kidd-Hewitt: 2002). The flow on effect is that it creates extra pressure on law enforcement agencies to try and br ing crime under control. Law enforcement agenciesRead MoreIntroduction. Crime Analysis Is The Breaking Up Of Acts959 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION Crime analysis is the breaking up of acts committed in violation of laws into their parts to find out their nature and reporting ,some analysis. the role of the crime analysts varies from agency to agency. Statement of these findings is the objective of most crime analysis to find meaningful information in vast amounts of data and disseminate this information to officers and investigators in the field to assist in their efforts to apprehend criminals and suppress criminal activity. CRIME ANALYSIS:Read MoreCrime Rates: an Econometric Analysis4665 Words   |  19 PagesCrime Rates: An Econometric Analysis using population, unemployment and growth Table of Contents I. Introduction A.) Background of the Study B.) Problem Statement C.) Objectives D.) Significance of the Study E.) Scope and Limitations II. Review of Related Literature III. Operational Framework A.) Variable List B.) Model Specification C.) A-priori Expectations IV. Methodology A.) Data B.) Preliminary Tests V. Results and Discussions VI. ConclusionRead MoreThe Type Of Technology Necessary For Accurate Crime Analysis921 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology necessary for accurate crime analysis. I will explain at least four methods of collecting, storing, and retrieving information needed for crime analysis. I will provide examples to support the importance of each method selected. In conclusion, I will detail the benefits of crime analysis to the community. Crime analysis is a tactic that police officers need in order to enhance their prevention, investigation, and apprehension skills (Foster, 2013). Crime analysis is a set of organized, diagnostic

Legal Research Of A Small Business With Roberto - 960 Words

Legal Research paper 1/ For starting a small business with Roberto, I strongly believe our business organization will be following to Limited Liability company, LLC, which can be advantageous for providing protection to partners and investors. Both of us have equal rights to manage and have agency to contract for the company. Because of having the first small business together, our business organization do not allow for public offerings and stock sales that we can be easy to control. Also, we have to find one of the best farm for giving the milk, egg, and others organic supplies to make our products which means we need to sign a contract with them for every month. 2/ In my opinion, if we want to start this business, based on Georgia law, we would involve and be sued in trademark infringement law by using the name and logo of another company. The trademark infringement is the using of another’s mark without authorization or permission of the trademark owner. Although they are not cheese package, they have name and logo that look same with cheese package logo. Therefore, they are easy to cause customer to become confused about the products. If we keep choosing their name and logo, we should buy franchise from their companies. However, we will not start this business on this way. Instead of using name and logo of the laughing cow company, we will choose our name and logo differently such as our name will be â€Å"I dream of ice creams† and the logo will be â€Å"An ice cream into aShow MoreRelatedThe Report On Nokia Mobile Phones1741 Words   |  7 PagesThe disadvantages you have internally compared with your competitors. †¢ Opportunities – Current external trends which are waiting to be taken advantage of. †¢ Threats – External movements which may cause a problem and have a negative impact on your business. Sometimes SWOT is referred to as SLOT, where weaknesses are names as liabilities. 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Devices such as scanners, which broadcast criminal activity, etc in the area, are found in manyRead MoreSources of Capital to Small And Medium Size Enterprise in developing countries1918 Words   |  8 PagesDuring the last two decades Small and medium size enterprises have played an increasingly important role for economies worldwide and continues to be an important tool for economies especially for the growth of developing countries. The main challenge faced is the level of credit risk. The goal for a bank is to maximize the risk - adjusted rate of return; hence managing credit risk is essential for long term profitability and lending. Loans (credits) are the most common credit risk that banks needRead MoreThe Grocery And Supermarket Industry3488 Words   |  14 Pagespreference determine where people get their food, but groceries and supermarkets appear to be a mainstay in the American food market even as substitute distributors grow. Bargaining Power of Buyers: VERY HIGH. Just as grocers can take easily take their business elsewhere when facing unsatisfactory suppliers, so can customers switch to better (read: cheaper) grocers. As Internet use increases buyer access to comparative pricing tools for even the most basic of goods, buyer power builds. Today, 23% of shoppersRead MoreOverview Of The Fashion Industry In Italy2994 Words   |  12 PagesAnalysis of comparative advantage of Italian fashion industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Monetary system of Italy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 The legal and physical infrastructure of Italy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 Status of research and innovation infrastructure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 International rankings of Italy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 Cultural and linguistic impact of Italy on business†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 Tax structure of Italy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 Relationship with Canada in terms of trade and aid†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreHM Report2508 Words   |  11 PagesTable of contents 1. Introduction 2. Macro environmental analysis (PESTLE- political, economic, social, technology, legal, ecological) 3. Customer analysis 4. Market description 5. SWOT analysis (Strengths, weaknesses, opportunity, threats) 6. Conclusion and Recommendations 7. References P.1 D002 Read MoreAnalysis of Boffis international strategy Essay5901 Words   |  24 Pages3O1LON International business Boffi: Managing internationalisation in luxury goods Executive summary: Nowadays, being competitive isn’t an option but more an obligation. Through this report, we identified the well-known Italian Boffi, specialised in kitchen and bathroom industry. How Boffi did to be one of the most important Italian producers of kitchens and bathrooms in the luxury field? What was its strategy? How can they improve their sales and market share? 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The business philosophy of produce as much as you can because there is a limitless market is consistent with which of the following marketing eras? A. production era C. marketing era B. selling era D. customer relationship era B (348) 3.Read MoreStarbucks Coffee Supply Chain3200 Words   |  13 Pagescosts by outsourcing multiple business processes (IMF Staff, 2008). The globalization of Starbucks’ supply chain played a crucial role in attaining organizational success, having a significant impact on its business operations. This report aims to analyze the challenges that globalization presents in a constantly evolving market, and evaluate the solutions that Starbucks has implemented to manage these challenges. 2. Background Starbucks started out as a small coffee retailer in Seattle, Washington

Different Groups of Teachers Free Essays

Teaching is an important profession. â€Å"We will always need teachers. † (Waln) This is why I am interested in the career of secondary education. We will write a custom essay sample on Different Groups of Teachers or any similar topic only for you Order Now To be there to teach the upcoming generations and those that will be following behind us. It is important that we continue to teach the children so that they will be able to take over as the leaders of our country. Teachers are divided into different groups. The first group is the Elementary Teachers. Elementary Teachers usually teach one class of children at a certain grade level. These teachers teach all of the subject areas. Therefore they need to be knowledgeable in all subject areas. The next group of teachers is the Secondary Education Teachers. Secondary Education Teachers usually teach five or six classes of students a day, however, they only teach one subject area. Having the teacher teach in one subject area and not many different areas allows the teacher to learn more about that area and this allows the students to learn more in depth about the subject. The last group of teachers is the Special Education Teachers. These teachers work with both Elementary and Secondary students. They help the students in all subject areas, but mainly in Math and Language Arts. Special Education Teachers also work with students that have disabilities ranging from mild to severe. The group of teachers that I would like to be in is the Secondary Education group. I am interested in teaching Business. The working conditions of teachers varies depending on where they are employed. Most districts have a schedule where the teachers teach for nine months and have three months off in the summer. In other districts, teachers teach all year around with a schedule of working eight weeks and then having a week off. They would also have a five week mid-winter break. In most states there is a Tenure Law. The Tenure Law prevents teachers from being fired without just cause and due process. Teachers normally have to teach in one district for three years before they gain tenure. Teachers usually put in more than forty hours a week. Along with the teaching time in the classroom, teachers put in many hours after class and at home doing correcting and lesson plans. Teachers also put in a lot of time with different committee meetings and staff meetings that they need to attend. Some teachers can feel isolated from their colleagues at work. This comes from being in a classroom of students all day and not really getting a chance to see anyone else in the building. There are some schools, however, where the environment is very informal. In these schools, teachers get a chance to see and talk to other teachers throughout the day. This helps to build the morale of the teachers. Teachers also work with students from many different backgrounds and cultures. Teachers need to be aware of these backgrounds and cultures so they can better help the students. A person needs to be licensed to certified to be a teacher unless he/she works for a private school. The license or certification is usually granted by the State Board of Instruction or the Office of Public Instruction. Certification for teachers is from K-8 for Elementary and 6-12 Secondary. Requirements for certification vary from state to state. The one requirement that all states require is that teachers have a Bachelor†s Degree and the completion of an approved teacher training program. The outlook for teachers varies by geographic area and subject specialty. The overall employment is expected to increase for all occupations through the year 2008. The funding of the school by the state is another factor on the teacher job growth. Teacher†s wages range from $19,710 to $70,030 a year. The average starting salary for a teacher with a Bachelor†s Degree and no experience is $25,700. The average wage for teachers is $39,300 a year. Private school teachers usually get paid less than public school teachers. In many schools, teachers receive extra pay for coaching sports or working with extra-curricular activities and clubs. Teachers earn extra money by working during the summer at other jobs. The teaching profession is an important profession. The world will always need teachers to teach it†s children. Teachers need to go through a training program which usually consists of four years in college and doing student teaching. Teachers need to be certified by the state in which they are teaching in. Teachers can make a lot money or not so much money depending on what geographic area they are in. Teachers, however, do not go into teaching for the money. Teacher become teachers because they like working with children and they like watching the children grow and learn. How to cite Different Groups of Teachers, Papers

Technology Gaps and Capacity Issues in African Insurance Companies

Questions: Critically analyse the key commercial issues involved in the management of projects. Critically appraise the business environment, finance, procurement integrity, contract management, disputes and legal frameworks within the project environment. Establish the Projects Supply Chain and evaluate the commercial integrity. Answers: Introduction The choice making supporting the limit improvement of any business endeavor is adequate access to the target market, fulfillment of existing corporate sector need or making of advancement in a current business area and the extent of the corporate sector in other to accomplish gainfulness and manageable improvement. The training given by NOSA try to elevate and enable African agribusiness through the procurement of an economical, suitable and significant horticultural preparing and instruction framework. The vision of NOSA is to make steady progress and effect; like this, structures must be set up to accomplish manageability, both ecologically and through ceaseless backing from enhanced agricultural expansion with an association of the nearby and state legislature of Kaduna State. Kaduna State is one of the real states in Nigeria situated in the North-West Geo-political zone of Nigeria with a construct as the mechanical focal point of Northern Nigeria, fabricating items like materials, hardware, steel, aluminum, petroleum articles and course. Ceramics is very prized from Kaduna, particularly from the Nok society. It has a substantial business sector, as of late reconstructed after an open flame in the mid-1990s. It is enriched with mineral assets, for example, clay, serpentine, asbestos, amethyst and gold. Furthermore, it has been honored with a rich area and an assortment of products. NOSA Agricultural Services Corporate Profile NOSA Agricultural Services (NOSA Agri) is another division of NOSA with its main spotlight on preparing, instruction, word related wellbeing and danger administration, evaluating and counseling for the cultivating and rural parts. NOSA Corporate Services The company was founded in 1951, which is located in Sandton, South Africa with a network of offices and training centers in Southern Africa (Nosaagri.com, 2016). It also has offices in China and South America; and operations in the United States, India, Turkey, and Indonesia. NOSA (Pty) Ltd. operates as a subsidiary of MICROmega Holdings Ltd. Facilities NOSA Agri focuses on training, education, consulting and support systems for the African farming and agricultural sectors. NOSA Agri supports sustainable development solutions and rural economic growth. It also offers industry solutions, including consulting, agricultural management, education system management, fire safety, first aid, mining management, and occupational hygiene services; and other software solutions for companies. Existing Clients/Suppliers of Resources Relationships NOSA offers it services to a broad range of clients in various fields such as mining, power construction, petrochemicals, healthcare, food and beverages, governmental organizations, property as well as technical solutions. The important clients that are supported by NOSA comprise of Anglo American, DE BEERS, Eskom, SDIC, PetroSA, MEDICLINIC, HEINEKEN, RAND WATER and for technical solutions GEARHOUSE GROUP. Staff Capability NOSA Agricultural Services has accredited training facilitators and assessors who are experts as highly skilled in planning, coordinating and directing training sessions to achieve optimum outcomes towards perfection. Training Package The courses offered by NOSA consists of three sections; Animal Husbandry, Crop Husbandry and Farm Management Planning. Animal Production and Crop Production are made up of basic core studies plus additional subjects and modules. Business Strategy NOSA Agri is guided by PEOPLE, ENVIRONMENT, PROFIT and SUSTAINABILITY principles and aims to achieve their vision with the help of following: Empowering people through appropriate agricultural training and ensuring modern and conservation agriculture techniques Being a catalyst for the African farmer to commercialize and generate profit from their farm business, sustaining their families and helping grow the rural economy On agricultural services in NOSA that will cultivate adequate knowledge, skills and competencies in candidates, satisfying customers/industry requirements and ensuring value for money while making a profit (Neal, Hou and Allinson, 2014). Figure 1: Business Model (Source: Created by Author) Relationship Strategy Many benefits are derived from developing customer relationships by both firms and clients. From the investigation, it was discovered that whereas organization can profit from relationship marketing strategies through customer retention, brand loyalists and market security (Barros and Wanke, 2015). Customers likewise, enjoy both psychological and social benefits such as familiarity, personal recognition and friendships that may also lead to discount benefits on purchases for customers who have maintained long-term relationships with the organization. Project Organization The team for this capacity development project shall include as illustrated in the figure-2 below. Their various roles and responsibilities are discussed further in section 3.1. Figure 2: NOSA Organization Hierarchical Chart (Source: Created by Author) Key Staff Roles and Responsibilities: Position Roles Responsibilities Project Sponsor Chairman Board of Directors Signatory to the organization's financial account and all legal documents and contracts of the company Project Manager Project Lead: The project managers leadership role is very vital to the project delivery and success Project Team Includes the Facilitators, Quality Control Officer, Health and Safety Supervisor, Logistics, Emergency Response Team and the Production Team Legal Advisor Liaison in conjunction with management on regulatory matters, contract terms in procurement and community affairs (Rhee et al. 2014) Shareholders Partners Highest-level decision-making unit of the company Health and Safety Advisor Develops and maintains Safety Policies and Safe Work Procedures, monitoring and training staff where necessary Procurement Manager Maintains corporate list of vendor, contractors and suppliers Table 1: Project Organization Project Stakeholders Project stakeholders are those who are interested in the project because they are either involved or affected by the project outcomes. Stakeholder Groups Description 1. Owner/Sponsors These people are the ones who pay for the project 2. Candidates These people or group can be denoted as who buys the product or services 3. End users These people reflect the individual who will uses the finished product or services from the project (Rose, 2012) 4. Executives in Project These are the Senior managers of the owner or sponsor organization 6. Other Contactors/Suppliers Are the people who provide goods/materials/work or services used by the project (Belda et al. 2012) 7. Public Stakeholders This comprises of the individuals concerned about the project or product environmental Table 2: Project Stakeholders Stakeholders Roles and Responsibilities Regarding roles and responsibilities, stakeholders could be classified into Internal, Interface and External Stakeholders (Sense, 2011). Harmonizing the classification of Table-1 above and other classifications by authors, stakeholders for the NOSA capacity development project has been identified and described according to their roles and responsibilities for this capability development project as illustrated in Table-2 below. Group A - Interface Stakeholders This person operates both internally and externally about the organization. Title Roles Project Board/ Steering Committee This may include selected NOSAs senior and top management staff, representatives of the client, partners, and shareholders. Responsibilities Has overall liability in the governance of the project management Oversees the project and raises awareness at senior level Approves strategies, project scope, implementation plan and milestones Title Roles Sponsor Present the views of the Board to the Project Manager, Stakeholders and represents the project upwards the Organization's Board as illustrated in the figure below. Responsibilities The Project Sponsor creates or destroys value in that they determine the life span of a project in the project life cycle i.e. whether the project can start, continue and outlast the project manager. The responsibilities of the project sponsor have been identified as: issuance /ownership of the project charter and business case (Bonnal, 2012), having authority to change control and provides leadership on culture and values. Group B - Internal Stakeholders These people can be denoted as operating within the boundaries of NOSA's organizational framework. They included all staff and involved with the development of the project. Title Roles Project Manager This is the assigned person responsible for developing a definition of the project in conjunction with the Project Sponsor. Responsibilities Lead the project team, coordinate partners and work groups involved in the project. Ensures effective project planning and control and manages project deliverables in line with the project plan Resolves conflicts that may arise at project level (Feng, Yang and Chang, 2014) Title Roles Project Team Functional managers and staff of NOSAs who are directly involved with the capacity development project. Responsibilities Participates and provides expertise in development of the project plan in relations to topics Transforms the goals and objectives and material resources of the project into deliverables and project outcomes Provide functional expertise in an administrative process (White and Petry, 2011) Title Roles NOSA Support Staff NOSA staff who are not directly involved in the development of the project but provide services that contribute to the overall achievement of project management objectives. Group C - External Stakeholders Those who provide input but are not employees of the organization e.g. Consumers, Suppliers, Competitors, International Organizations, Political Parties/Leaders, International and Local Trade Unions. Title Roles Consumers/ Operators/ End users These people purchase products, training modules, management consultations, obtain benefits from the projects outcomes for example practicing, and apprentice candidates. Suppliers/ sub-Contractors Are those who design, manage or provide goods/materials/ work/ services as inputs to the achievement of project outcomes. Competitors These can be defined as the existing and potential business entities who share the same market with NOSA due to the provision of a similar set of products, training and services. International, Interest groups, Non-governmental Organizations Are people who are concerned about the project or product environmental, social and economic impacts e.g. the media and NGOs (Frank, Sadeh and Ashkenasi, 2011) Regulatory Authorities These are the Government functionaries who set policies, specifications, rules and laws guiding industrial practices to ensure the protection of the environment, the safety of lives and properties, for instance, Federal Environmental Protection Agencies. Local Communities Stakeholders who reside within the boundaries of the project location, therefore, are directly affected by the operations associated with the project. Law Enforcement Agencies Governmental bodies constituted by law to enforce government policies on industries operating within the state. Table 3: Stakeholders Roles and Responsibilities Stakeholders Analysis Grid Various researchers describe stakeholders analysis as a process of systematically gathering and analyzing qualitative information in other to determine whose interest should be taken into consideration when developing the project. Figure 3: Stakeholders' Power-Interest Grid (Source: Created by Author) Stakeholders Communication Plan In Table 2 below the strategy is shown which will be used to disseminate project information effectively to stakeholders of the NOSA capacity development project. Stakeholder Title Information Requirements Timing / Frequency Format of Communication Owner 1. Project Board Project progress report and budgetary needs Monthly Meetings, presentation report Sponsor 2. Project Sponsor Progress report, miles stones and accomplishment Weekly One-to-one Meetings Report Project manager 3. Senior Consultant or Suppliers Project Manager Allocation of resources, task requirements progress updates Daily Meetings Reports Project manager 4. Project Manager Progress status report Daily Meeting, emails, reports Team leaders 5. Project Team Supervision Daily Meeting, presentations Project manager 6. NOSA Support Staff Progress report, Project review Monthly Meeting, emails, memos, presentations Project manager 7. Consumers/ Operators/ End users Press News Release Quarterly News media Sponsor 8. Suppliers/ sub-Contractors Audit, Contract Evaluation review, Monthly Emails, meetings, presentation workshops Project manager 10. Regulatory Authority Incident investigation report, Compliance Audit Report quarterly or Annually Reports Sponsor 11. Local Communities Corporate Social Responsibility updates Quarterly Stakeholders Group Meetings, Workshops Sponsor Table 4: Stakeholders' Communication Plan Responsibility Assignment Matrix Having provided the Organizational chart and the Work Breakdown Structure of the NOSA capacity development project life cycle, the assignment of responsibilities to be illustrated as shown in Table 4 below. The intersecting boxes marked (x) signify the corresponding responsible members of the project organization. RESPONSIBLE PERSON ASSIGNMENTS Project Steering Committee Project Sponsor Legal Advisor Project Manager Procurement Manager Health Safety Manager Accountant Human Resource Manager Business Dev. Manager Quality Assurance Manager Training Coordinator Project Team Support Staff Concept Phase Client Initiates Idea X X Feasibility Study X X X X X X X X X Create Outline of Business Case X X X X X X Project Investment Appraisal X X X X X X X X X X Risk Assessment X X X X X X X Accept Project X X X X X X X X Project Definition Phase Define the Project X X X X X X Market Research X X X X X X X Develop Project Management Plan X X X X X X Initiate Partnership with KSG X X X X Meet with Stakeholders X X X X X X X X Sign Partnership Agreement with KSG X X X Approve Business Case Project Management Plan X X X Project Development Phase Obtain Licenses X X Procurement X X X X X Site Mapping X X X Lease Office Building X X X X X X Equip Office with Furniture, Computer Power Plant X X X X X Recruit Local staff X X X X Training Development X X X Advertise X X Commission Academy X X X X X X Benefit Realization Phase Operate PMCM Academy X X X X X X X Realize Benefit X X X Termination Phase Closure X X X Lessons Learned X X X X X Archive Project Documents X X Decommission Academy X X X X Table 5: Responsibility Matrix Project Life Cycle Almost every project is built around a project life cycle irrespective of the objective, size and complexity. The project life cycle outlines the inter-related phases of the project and provides a framework for governing the progress of activities involved (Yahaya, 2012). Figure 4: Project Life Cycle (Source: Created by Author) Description of the Project Life Cycle Concept Phase: In this stage, the idea for the new project is initiated and introduced to the steering committee for decision-making after which a project manager is appointed to carry out a feasibility study and present a proposal based on the client's need and organizations' corporate objectives (Indelicato, 2012). Project Definition: When the project is accepted and approved, stakeholders are to be engaged in defining the purpose and deliverables of the project and a proposal for the partnership will be initiated. Project Development: The project management plan being accepted by the various parties is at this moment authorized for development by sponsorship and financing of the costs. Benefits Realization Phase: In this phase, business is initiated with Academy fully commissioned with the commencing of training and skills development programs. Termination Phase: this is a management decision due to prevailing circumstances in the business. When consent has reached the process for termination will be called-up and lessons learned will be shared by key stakeholders before or after the Academy is decommissioned (Jun, Qiuzhen and Qingguo, 2011). Market Research Given the current unemployment in Nigeria, inadequate supply of skilled labor and the ever increasing rate of industrialization in Kaduna State and Nigeria at large there has been a growing need for the government invitation foreign investors for privatization. This is the primary motive for development of modern infrastructures, promote employability and knowledge transfer to citizens (Rezania and Ouedraogo, 2013). SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES NOSA is well reputed for its capability to impart the training courses facilitated to provide the real time experience of the services NOSA has several affiliations with Action Training Academy and MECS Africa and has received accreditation from SANAS NOSA facilitates measurement of standards of performance for sustainability The Kaduna state is a new market to operate, so there are lots of uncertainties The supplier vetting system can be considered as one of the loopholes of NOSA as it also has to be supported by the organization The initial total capital investment for the project may be high to NOSA for funding directly OPPORTUNITIES THREATS There is a probability that the existing renowned business leaders in the Nigerian market may be the client of NOSA Kaduna is a developing state with a growing market as more investors tend to migrate into it NOSA can also withstand by challenging the other investors NOSA can have prospects for providing expertise audit and consultancy services to the multinational firms operating in Nigeria The economic and Political instability in Nigeria possess as the threat to NOSA Competitors who may be intercepting the opportunity with cheaper offers to the public for the same services The risk of the Legislative Government Authority rejecting the proposal of partnership Table 6: SWOT ANALYSIS Project Finance This financial plan is aimed at providing NOSA with a strategic cash flow policy that will ensure higher profitability and operating cash flow to position the capacity development project as a tool for sustainable cash flow in the next five years. Cash-Flow Analysis and Working Capital Management Assumptions: Bank loan will be secured for 100,000.00 short-term overdraft and 450,000.00 long term, repayable in ten years whereas, NOSA and the Kaduna State government will fund the project with 280,000.00 each for the public-private partnership (PPP). A discount rate of 15% was assumed to factor financial issues on risk, inflation, currency fluctuations due to economic and political instability in Nigeria and uncertainties of the supply chain (Ljunggren, Huang and Johansson, 2014). Considerations: Bank loan in the South Africa is currently at 0.5% interest rates Depreciation was calculated considering the life expectancy for Vehicle to be 5-years and life expectancy for Plants and Equipment to be 10-years using the straight-line method The parameters and reporting format of the Financial Plan as shown in Table 8 were adapted from research. Budget The budget for this project is estimated at 950,000.00; distributed to each phase of the project as shown in Table 7 below. Phase Estimated Cost () 1. Concept 17,000.00 2. Project Definition 22,000.00 3. Project Development 470,000.00 4. Benefit Realization Cost (1st Year) 400,000.00 5. Termination 20,000.00 6. Contingency (Cash in hand) 21,000.00 Table 7: Budget FINANCIAL PLAN FOR FIRST FIVE YEARS Initial Investment Plan Capital Expenditure: Fixed Assets Acquisition of Leasing of new capital assets 1,200,000 Computers 120,000 Work table 90,000 Administration and Consultancy Fees 110,000 Office Training Equipment 25,300 Project Training materials 31,250 Labor Costs 15,320 Preliminary expenses 30,000.00 Raw materials 1,400,000 Machinery and Practical equipments 35,000.00 Furniture 15,200.00 Advertisement 31,000.00 Vehicles 20,000.00 Misc. expenses 12,000 3,135,070 Operational Expenditures: OPERATING COSTS Training and development of NOSA staff 225,000.00 Agricultural works 31,000.00 Support technician expense 150,000.00 Clerical support 220,000.00 Costs on software utilization 210,000.00 Maintenance and operation of facility 32,230.00 Legal expenditures 66,220.00 934,450.00 Cash flow before Taxation 6,235,456.30 Tax -25% Cash flow after tax 4,676,592.20 Discount rate 15% Discounted cash flow 7,170,774.75 NPV 7,170,774.80 PBP 2 years Initial cost of investment - 3.15 Table 8: Financial Plan Supply Chain Management Proposed Procurement Route Procurement is a system that adds value to project management when priority is given to the project definition phase by engaging supply chain experts in meaningful dialogue, choosing appropriate procurement routes and identifying and controlling optimism bias in forecasting of the project cost, schedule and scope (Mir and Pinnington, 2014). The choice of procurement route for this project would largely depend on the value of purchases required; thus, for low-value purchases (less than 1000) quotation and purchase orders. Purchasing Mechanisms Since the project is located in an unfamiliar terrain Kaduna State in Nigeria, the most appropriate purchasing mechanism for the procurement of high-value purchases will be through fixed price contract (Molosi, 2011). Contract Management Strategy NOSA has adopted the fixed price contract strategy since the capacity development project located in an unfamiliar terrain with many uncertainties within the political system, economy, security and cultural behaviors. Supply Chain Map A supply chain is the system of the considerable number of people, associations, assets, exercises and innovation included in the creation and offer of an item, from the conveyance of source materials from the supplier to the maker, through to its consequent movement to the end client. The network inventory fragment included with getting the completed item from the manufacturer to the buyer is known as the appropriation channel. Successful supply chains give organizations an upper hand in the commercial center and alleviate dangers connected with securing crude materials and conveying items or administrations. By actualizing store network administration frameworks, organizations are capable diminish waste, overhead expenses and transporting delays scientifically. The essential drawbacks of store network management, or SCM, incorporate intricacy and costs. In light of the various working parts and the innovation included, organizations face great odds for mistakes or oversights with SCM. The innovative framework included in SCM additionally balances a percentage of the apparent worth picked up by its application. Figure 5: Supply Chain Map (Source: Created by Author) The NOSA Capacity Development supply chain map shown in figure 5 is an illustration of the flow of goods and services from the manufacturer to the project (Neal, Hou and Allinson, 2014). Research reveals that there is a great possibility for events far away from a business location to have an impact on the enterprise due to the chain of activities linking the extended supply chain. Legal Legal Issues and Dispute Resolution Techniques Authors reveal that most major projects develop levels of conflicts, disputes, breach of contracts, liabilities and claims at different stages of the project life-cycle about the supply chain. PPP is essentially about applying the private division's aptitudes in specialized and money related danger administration in ways that speak to genuine quality for the general population area. In the framework ventures scene, PPPs are seen as money related models that empower people in the general area to make utilization of private account capital in a way that improves the potential outcomes of both the administration and the privately owned business. The whole PPP structure in Nigeria depends on the standards of accomplishing better esteem and moderate policies. As communicated in the National Policy Document, there are monetary, social and ecological destinations for the selection of PPP model as a system for framework advancement. NIPC gives administrations to concede of business section grants, licenses, approval and motivating forces in a one-stop shop environment. NIPC's One Stop Investment Center offer general data and information on the Nigerian economy to encourage educated venture choices. It encourages post-passage endorsements, licenses and are particular grants with government offices and public counseling administrations on beneficial speculation opportunities in Nigeria incorporating coordinating financial specialists' necessities with circumstances available in the 36 States of the Federation and the Federal Capital Territory. DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN PROJECT PHASES Project Phases/ Possible Sources of Disputes Resolution Techniques 1. Project Concept: Client insisting on a vague description of the project, unrealistic scope, tight schedule and demand. A subject matter expert should be consulted to illustrate the project goal in a pictorial view, effective work breakdown and cost estimation. 2. Project Definition: Bureaucracy of the in policy and decision-making on the part of the sponsor, client or project manager (Ogunbameru, Mustapha and Idrisa, 2013) Conflicting interest of stakeholders on performance indicators, scope, cost, time and location of the project Perception differences could also cause disputes due to ambiguity in the contract, cultural and language barriers Creating a friendly working relationship and collaborating with stakeholders in project decisions and plotting an active communication media for managing various stakeholders Adequate risk and impact assessment should be carried out with consideration to expert judgment 3. Project Development Design variations or difficulty in the interpretation of the project design could result in dispute Non-conformance to the project commercial and technical specifications may be identified during or after development (Olivares, 2011) Accidental occurrence on site or offsite that involves NOSAs staff or equipment and a third party Negotiate early identification and incorporation of the project team during design and points of dispute on the contract. Expert judgment should be given priority in the definition of the project objectives and deliverables while negotiating terms of the contract. Safety training and awareness should be provided to all staff and visitors within the project premises. 4. Benefit Realization The project may fail to meet set objectives due to prevailing external circumstances or over-optimistic project selection criteria. The contractor should dialogue with the client and the sponsor to ensure the project aligns with the commercial and technical requirements. 5. Termination Phase Contractors who have not been paid for services rendered might take legal actions against the shutdown of the project. The services of an arbitrator could be employed to negotiate between the contractor and the client on how the debt owed will be paid (Petit, 2012). Project Risks and Uncertainties Allowances In as much as it is essential to execute the known risk factors and costs that impact the project in the project plan, it is also worthy of note not to neglect uncertainties; rather plan ways to manage such from the inception of the project (Pearson, 2011). Figure 6: Typology of Uncertainty Factors (Source: Created by Author) 7.2.1. Risk Register: Risk Probability Impact Planned Action/Mitigation of Risks Training Facility environment is unsuitable for the candidates Low High Health and Safety will ensure fitness of the facility in context to environment Permission to embed modern, powerful simulation techniques in the service not granted Medium Medium Feedback indicates that there is requirement for new methods to retain the candidates Failure to maintain the Key Project Staff during the entire timeline of the project Low High Propose the project team to be all in post and give the prescribed time to project Lack of support from key stakeholders Low High Well establishment of stakeholder engagement Unable to work with intended user groups Medium Medium Established commitment to research community and recognition of value Conclusion Given NOSAs intent to extend into new frontiers of business by setting up a training campaign through a partnership with the Kaduna State local government initiatives, this report has reflected on the capabilities and strengths of the company through its corporate profile, its achievements, training packages, market relationship and business strategy for expansion. Additionally, a brief evaluation of the enterprise change has been laid out with illustrations on the stakeholders, their views, roles and responsibilities, interest and potential influence. They may have on the success of the project with a vague communication plan that borders on what level of information is conveyed to individual stakeholders and at what frequency. Furthermore, this report has revealed from the analysis the viability of the project having carried out market research, evaluating the project environment and NOSAs business capacity to take advantage strategically of the well of economic opportunity available within the chosen region. Through investigations into the financial requirements, the report has shown that with an estimated budget of 950,000.00 the project could yield Working Capital Ratios ranging from 1.89 to 4.25 over five years period. Finally, the potential legal issues in each project phase were identified and appropriate dispute resolution techniques were provided. Recommendations Having completed investigations into the achievability of NOSAs quest to expand its business potentials through capacity development, by having a public-private partnership with Nigeria local government initiatives for development of the manpower resources. Within its mass of unemployed youths, improving the project and financial management skills of industry practitioners and apprentices while making profit; it is therefore recommended that: Business organizations intending to explore new areas of profit making ventures, consult industry experts and project manager to carry out thorough research on the commercial integrity of their choice of the project in all elements that has been discussed in this report; thereby securing their value for money and maintaining a good market position among its competitors. 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The Life of Galileo Essay Example For Students

The Life of Galileo Essay The Battle For TruthThroughout the course of history, from era to era, mankind has been on a continuous attempt to perpetuate what they perceive as the truth; and in doing so, embark on a quest to find their true identity and place in life. One must realize that the common theme in all literature is the search for identity and belonging. Bertolt Brecht, author of The Life of Galileo, effectively uses the developing character Galileo Galilei to portray a strong message; a message which five hundred years after the fact has still not been completely comprehended. Through Galileos continuous battle with the Church in prevailing his work, Brecht is telling the readers that in any one mans attempt to propagate the truth, whether it be in terms of literature, discoveries or new technologies, there is always an opposing power to suppress this new found truth. In doing so, it is through such opposing power against the search for truth which suppress our ability to think. In a sincere attempt to eliminate the common generalization that Science is the devil, Brecht uses Galileos external struggles such as those with the church. The writer also uses his personal internal struggles as a basis for developing Galileos character to inform readers of the common yet false misconception of Science and the truth. We will write a custom essay on The Life of Galileo specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In many instances throughout the course of this play, The Life of Galileo, Brecht is found to use Galileos struggles with the church and the public as one of the vital backbones of his message. It is quite apparent that Galileo is fighting a battle with the church throughout the play to further spread his findings to enlighten citizens about the scientific truth of the universe beyond ficticious traditional religious values. The church, which served the purpose of the the governments in Italy at that time (around 1600s), consists of the popes and the Italian Renaissance. Drawn from the nobility, the Italian Renaissance are ruthless politicians whose central goal is the expansion of their political power. In an understandable sense, Galileos new findings and teachings pose a serious and susceptible threat to the governments (churchs) scheme of expansion and power. The church fears the lack of strength in the peoples belief in religion because the fundamental structure of religion is t he people themselves. Galileos theories in Science and his views on the Copernicus System and the Book of Discourses would advance and transform the society. Development and change are issues which the church fears due to the fact that advancement undermine the strength of the chruch when changes are brought to religion. The churchs opinion and attitude towards Galileos discoveries are clearly outlined by Sagredo on Pg. 23 as he states:Do you think the Popes will hear your truth and say Wonderful, Im wrong. Do you think hell even listen to you? When I saw you just now, at the telescope, looking at your new stars I saw you standing on burning logs. When I heard you say I believe in reason I smelt burnt flesh. (Brecht 23)What Brecht is telling us through the use of Galileo and his stubborn and persistent need to present his findings, is that even though one is presented with adversities, in Galileos case, the church, one must continue to use reason to spread the truth. In any case, Galileo believes that religion does not necessarily have to be sacrificed in order to advance a society in terms of technology. At this point in the play, he believes that the use of reason can overcome any obstacle in the attempt to prevail the truth; in a sense, what Brecht is telling the readers through Galileos stance against the church is that the ability to think, innovate, and propagate the truth are the key requirments that will enhance our society. In this case, Galileo is faced time and time again with adversaries that tell him to stop what he is doing and to follow the Churchs orders. On page 40, the Old Cardinal tells Galileo that if he is to continue with his research, then he will be exemplifying atheism:VERY OLD CARDINAL: You want to degrade God, though it gives you life and all you have. .Everything is irrefutably seen to depend on me, man, the work of God, the creature at the centre, the image of God,. (Brecht 40)LITTLE MONK: Youve won. .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf , .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .postImageUrl , .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf , .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:hover , .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:visited , .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:active { border:0!important; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:active , .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u68fab85b268afc3328c6a137df7805bf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Human Resource Management in Business EssayGALILEO: It has won! Not me, reason has won! (Brecht 40)After the Old Cardinal implicitly tells Galileo that his research and teachings symbolize atheism, he is approached by Clavius whom tells Galileo that he is right and that he is invited to Rome to show his research. It is interesting to see Galileos response in crediting reason for his achievement. It is here where the reader sees Galileos thoughts and perceptions on life; that science and its achievements should not only be credited to the founder yet the society that encourages these findings; that the progress of human kind as a whole should be the objective of inventions. Using Galileo, Brecht continuously stresses these points throughout the play and is making it clear that he is against the notion of the discouragement of ideas, inventions, and thinking. Although external forces such as the church and other characters do not influence Galileos personal belief, there are also internal forces, such as the battle against self, that also influence Galileos perception on both his work and human kind. It is through his experiences with Andrea, the young protg of Galileo, that we see the character of Galileo at the beginning of the play. In the earlier parts of the play, the reader sees Galileo as a courageous man who is always in pursuit for truth and reason; Galileo increases his power over his students, namely Andrea, as the former overcomes more difficulties in discovering the truth. Andrea immediately feels angry and insulted when others challenge Galileos discoveries; as seen on page 29, Andrea is upset due to the fact that the scholars do not share congruence with Galileo:SARTI: Whats up with you?ANDREA: Theyre stupid. He tears himself away and runs off. This particulare scene illustrates how Andrea worships Galileo and his dedication to Galileos theories. However, throughout the course of this play, instead of seeing a positive growth on the part of Galileos character, we notice that Galileos character is deteriorating as he continuosly fights battles with himself. His priorities as outlined in the earlier stages of the play, namely those of him being courageous and overcoming any struggle in pursuit for the truth and knowledge, are now in question as his will to continue his research slowly declines. On page 40, we recognize the first signs of his loss of motivation on Galileos part; after his conversation with the Little Monk, Galileo halts his research which he has been conducting for the past eight years. The Little Monk uses his familys fate and suffering to prove his point; the point being that Galileos new discoveries will surely upset the society and bring distruption amongst the people. In the final stages of the play, we see a surprising and shocking side of Galileo as he recants his findings and teachings. It is then that one can say that Galileos search for self has ended; he is quick to regret the fact that he has recanted and is demoralized by his actions:I have betrayed my profession. A man who does what I have done cannot be tolerated in the ranks of science. (Brecht 85)Accompanied by the fact that Galileo realizes what he did is wrong, one can also argue that he realizes that the actions of any one human plays a vital role in the progress of society and its mentality; he realizes that science is not merely a group of inventive dwarfs. Instead, science is a way of life. The book of discourses (dealing with the laws of motion), that was published after Galileos recantation, represents a way in which Galileo can contemplate for his unethical and immoral acts by generating knowledge to the public. Although Galileo reassures the making of science by making the bo ok of discourses, nothing can ever bring compensation to the harm which he brought on humanity and the way in which he destroyed the meaning of sacrifice. .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 , .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .postImageUrl , .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 , .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:hover , .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:visited , .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:active { border:0!important; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:active , .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680 .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9923d16a0fbea27c50d7aac1b6623680:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Muscle Growth EssayThrough Galileos quest for identity, Brecht is once again sending us a strong message; to think that even a character as strong and sure as Galileo can be altered and changed for the worst, really leaves the readers pondering on one thought; in the journey of prevailing the truth, there will always be an opposing structure that will pose an adversary. One must learn from Galileos life that sacrifice in the way of progression of a society should be recognized and encouraged; Galileo might have failed to show the meaning of sacrifice, but he taught us to think, take risks and understand the true significance of science.

Angela Carter (1940-1992) positions herself as a writer in ‘the demythologizing business Essay Example

Angela Carter (1940 Angela Carter (1940-1992) positions herself as a writer in ‘the demythologizing business Paper Angela Carter (1940-1992) positions herself as a writer in ‘the demythologizing business Paper Essay Topic: Beauty and the Beast and Other Tales Literature Mythologies The Glass Castle The Piano Lesson -She defines myth in ‘a sort of conventional sense; also in the sense that Roland Barthes uses it in Mythologies’. Barthes states that ‘the very principle of myth’ is that ‘it transforms history into nature. This process of naturalisation transforms culturally and historically determined fictions into received truths, which are accepted as natural, even sacred. -As Carter herself states in one of the interviews, the term ‘demythologizing‘ means for her an attempt to find out what certain configurations of imagery in our society and in our culture really stand for, what they mean, underneath the kind of semireligious coating that makes people not particularly want to interfere with them. -In the very conventional sense, Rolland Barthes uses myths in Mythologies to describe trivial things of everyday use, Carter tried to define ideas, images and stories we tend to accept without thinking about them. -Angela Carter’s collection of stories, ‘The Bloody Chamber’, was published in 1979 and provides a dynamic response to one of the crucial problems of radical feminism. How does one think outside the masculine myths of ‘woman’ without presenting the feminine as some ineffable and timeless essence. From familiar fairy tales and legends Red Riding Hood, Bluebeard, Puss in Boots, Beauty and the Beast, vampires and werewolves Angela Carter has created an absorbing collection of dark, sensual, fantastic stories. -The title story of this collection is Carter’s tale about Perrault’s Bluebeard. Angela Carter’s The Bloody Chamber is for the heroine a story of sexual self-discovery. She delights in her newfound sexual awareness, which Carter brings to life with vivid words such as, I lay awake in the wagon-lit in a tender, delicious ecstasy of excitement, my burning cheek pressed against the impeccable linen of the pillow and the pounding of my heart mimicking that of the great pistons ceaselessly thrusting the train that bore me through the night, away from Paris, away from girlhood, away from the white, enclosed quietude of my mothers apartment, into the unguessable country of marriage. -Carters use of the word bore compares the heroines journey to her married life to a rebirth. The comparison emphasizes how the heroine is not just getting married, but being transformed from a girl, away from girlhood into a woman. The heroines arousal on the train, heightened by sexual verbs such as pounding, thrusting and burning comes not so much from her attraction to the Marquis but from her curiosity at the unguessable act of sex that she anticipates. Even though the Marquis evaluates her as though she is horseflesh, his condescension excites her because it makes her realize her own potential for corruption, for sexuality and desire. She does not find out until later how literally the Marquis makes love and corruption into a single act with the fetish of murdering his wives. He takes his favorite quote, by Baudelaire, literally: There is a striking resemblance between the act of love and he ministrations of a torturer. For him, the act of love is the act of torture. Because the Marquiss objectifying remarks and actions excite the heroine, we can see that until she realizes the extent of her dilemma, she is somewhat complicit in her own subjugation. -Images of rebirth and sexuality make the narrators entrance into marriage seem full of life. -But the moment she arrives at the castle, this feeling is tempered with symbols of death that foreshadow her own near-death. She arrives at dawn, a time of freshness and possibility, but in the month of November in late fall, which traditionally represents a decline into winter and death. -The sea has an amniotic salinity-the word amniotic referencing birth, but it surrounds the castle when the tide is high, so that for all its majesty the palace resembles a prison. She describes it as, at home neither on the land nor on the water, a mysterious, amphibious place, contravening the materiality of both earth and the waves That lovely, sad, sea-siren of a place! To the heroine, the castle seems like a place where reality is suspended and strange things happen. When she compares it to a siren or mermaid, who lure sailors and then drown them, she evokes another symbol of death and foreshadows her fate. -The bridal chamber itself is filled with symbols of death and martyrdom. On the wall hangs a painting of Saint Cecilia, who died by decapitation. -The Marquis sees the heroine as his own personal Saint Cecilia, whom he plans to kill in a sick bastardization of martyrdom. -The heroines necklace, which the Marquis instructs her not to remove, references the same bloody death. At the time, she does not realize that the necklace symbolizes the death that the Marquis has planned for her. -Twelve mirrors surround the bed, the number twelve symbolizing the twelve apostles and therefore referencing Christ. Since Christ is the ultimate martyr, the mirrors comprise another death reference. -Finally, the Marquis has filled the narrators room with so many lilies, which are reflected in the mirrors, that it appears to be a funereal parlor. The heroine connects sex with death most explicitly when she uses the word impale to describe the Marquiss penetrating her. -It is not the bridal chamber, but the Marquiss secret murder room, that lends the story its title, The Bloody Chamber. However, the bridal chamber is a bloody chamber of sorts because it is there that the Marquis spills the narrators blood by taking her virginity. Being a place for the consummation of marriage, it also represents the murder that always follows. -The events that surround the forbidden chamber echo Eves temptation and fall in the Garden of Eden, thus connecting each wifes downfall to the idea of original sin. As Jean-Yves explains, the heroine only did what The Marquis knew she would just as, he implies, God knew that Eve would taste the forbidden apple and be sentenced to pain and (eventual) death. -The Marquis sees himself as God because he is a man and a royal figure; therefore, he feels it is his mission to tempt and punish women. But far from being godlike or right, the Marquiss actions are perverted. He is like the man in his engraving, Reproof of Curiosity, who arouses himself by whipping a naked girl, only he is worse for being a murderer. The allusion to Eve suggests that inasmuch as the bloody chamber is a place of suffering and death for the other wives, it is one of learning and rebirth for the heroine. -In this way, the term bloody chamber can also refer to the womb; it is a physical symbol of birth and of Eves punishment; pain in childbirth as well as the pain of knowledge. -Like many traditional fairy tales, The Bloody Chamber ends happily ever after. But the heroines happiness does not come from finding a stereotypical prince charming and living out her days in luxury. Rather, she marries a blind piano tuner, gives away her fortune, and lives with her mother and husband on the edge of town. This ending embodies a feminist perspective. The heroine starts out as a sexual object, manipulated into submission with the promise of material comfort. The Marquis condemns her to death for refusing to obey him blindly and remain ignorant. Her triumph, as Moore explains, is in recognizing her own intelligence and mettle as a human being, and rejecting the role of submissive child. Having learned from her experience, the heroine rids herself of all remnants of that former identity. She rejects wealth, which is what the Marquis used to win her trust. She marries a blind man, who cannot objectify her for her beauty because he cannot see her. She even rejects the traditional household of two in favor of living with her mother as well as her husband. By doing so, Moore says, she avoids the institution of marriage with its requirement to love, honor, and obey a husband till death. She replaces a relationship between power and submission with one of mutual affection and equality. Even though the heroine is married, she does not rely solely on Jean-Yves for money or love, because she earns money giving piano lessons and has her mothers company. Even though the mark on the heroines forehead proves her triumph over both death and misogyny, she is ashamed of it. The key that made the mark was, as Moore says, the key to her selfhood, but she does not consider the mark a badge of success; to the heroine, it is a permanent reminder that she let herself be lured, bought, and mistreated. In rejecting wealth, earning a living, and residing with her mother, the narrator not only fulfills her wish for independence; she does a sort of penance for allowing sexist abuse in her former life. This penance she also does by telling her story, in hopes that other women might not fall prey to a man like the Marquis. -To begin with, one can read Carter as an exemplary postmodernist. Her stories are written in the voice of fairy tales, with ‘The Bloody Chamber’ being a first person re-telling of ‘Bluebeard’s Castle’ from the female protagonist’s point of view. A received and traditional narrative is re-told from the point of view of its classically objectified and silent other, the sexually violated women. The text inhabits a narrative to show its force, foregrounding the values and positions it creates. -However, there is also a utopian or deconstructive dimension to Carter’s text. Carter’s narrative does more than repeat the narratives of tradition as narrative; it is more than a playful postmodern inhabitation of a discourse that it also disavows. Not only does Carter add another voice to the text; she rewrites the very notion of voice. -She does not just add a ‘female’ voice to a masculine narrative; she destroys the simple way of thinking about the opposition between male and female. She shows the feminine to be a masculine construction, an image, fantasy or projection of male desire. -The female character in ‘The Bloody Chamber’ constantly views herself in mirrors, sees herself from the point of view of male desire, and adopts all the jewels, dress, fantasies and poses that place her in the position of created sexual object. In narrating the story she looks back to a time when she was both an unselfconscious and a passive object of desire and recalls the moment at which she adopts and internalizes the male gaze that fixes her as female: â€Å"That night at the opera comes back to me even now†¦the white dress; the frail child within it; and the flashing crimson jewels around her throat, bright as arterial blood. I saw him watching me in the gilded mirrors with the assessing eye of a connoisseur inspecting horseflesh, or even a housewife in the market inspecting cuts on the slab. I’d never seen, or else had never acknowledged, that regard of his before, the sheer carnal avarice of it; and It was strangely magnified by the monocle lodged in his left eye. When I saw him look at me with lust, I dropped my eyes but, in glancing away from him, I caught sight of myself in a mirror. And I saw myself, suddenly, as he saw me, my pale face, the way the muscles in my neck stuck out like thin wire. I saw how much that cruel necklace became me. And for the first time in my innocent and confined life, I sensed in myself a potentiality for corruption that took my breath away.† (Carter 1979, 11). -In this sense, ‘woman’ does not exist; ‘she’ is only that feared lack or absence created by the masculine assertion of presence. In order for a text or image to represent anything at all it must presuppose an absent or lost presence which it aims to recall. -Carter’s stories show the mythic production of the lost origin. Her female characters are viewed through the lens of a male desire that can be active, representing and masterful only through its production of a passive, represented and slavish feminine. The opposition between male and female then structures all the oppositions between subject and object, for the masculine is just that which is other than the represented, other than that silent body which cannot speak or represent itself. Carter exposes the feminine as a mythic presence produced through the idea of subjectivity and representation; only with the idea of a world there to be represented, and a subject who actively represents can we have the sexual hierarchy. We can only think the opposition between subject and object, presence and absence, signifier and signified through sexual imagery. The feminine is just that imagined lack perceived from the point of masculine subjectivity. -However, while denying or exposing the feminine as a lie, or while saying that woman does not exist, Carter also speaks in the voice of the feminine. The feminine is a fiction and illusion and it is also the only reality outside the play of mirrors. Carter produces a female voice or subject that disrupts the fiction of sexual difference. Indeed, the only way to destroy the fantasy of sexual difference- of woman as man’s necessary negation or other- is to repeat and intensify the fantasy, both by showing the production as a production and by producing differently. -Carter parodies the female subject who would take on all the active, violent and masterful strategies of the masculine subject, exposing such projections of the self-authoring subject to be a fiction. Often her female characters take on heroic, active but also absurdly masculine roles; the masculine model of the subject is powerfully adopted at the same time as it is parodied: ‘what other student at the Conservatoire could boast that her mother had outfaced a junkful of Chinese pirates, nursed a village through a visitation of plague, shot a man-eating tiger with her own hand and all before she was as old as I?’ (Carter 1979, 7). -Her work is therefore ironic, negative and deconstructive. -It is ironic because it inhabits the simple mythic world of sexual difference in order to expose its absurd simplicity. It is negative because it takes what is conceived to be outside language and subjectivity- woman- and shows that otherness to be an effect of representation. It is, most importantly, deconstructive because it does not just repeat and parody the opposition between male and female; it also takes the affirmative step of gesturing to all those forces of desire and difference that precede all myth, meaning and representation. Many of her stories enact a utopian promise of going beyond the human or beyond the subject for whom the world is merely so much passive material to be mastered and re-presented. -The fairy stories of myth and tradition are presented as so many ways of inscribing a border between animal and human. Carter repeats tales of werewolves, for example, in order to show the ways in which the human self was, and is, haunted and doubled by what is not itself. The subject is neither self-authoring nor transparent. The human is a collection of features that we have perceived from inhuman life: ‘her cunt a split fig below the great globes of buttocks on which the knotted tails of the cat were about to descend’ (Carter 1979, 16); ‘I could see the dark leonine shape of his head and my nostrils caught a whiff of the opulent male scent of leather and spices that always accompanied him’ (ibid. 8); ‘his white, heavy flesh that has too much in common with the armfuls of arum lilies that filled my bedroom in great glass jars’ (ibid. 15). Carter’s writing is composed of layers of scents, tastes, perceptions, recollections and quotations, with her characters’ bodies never being self-contained objects so much as sites of competing affects. Against all these bodies and layers of sensibility, Carter sets the absent male gaze, the point from which all sensations are organised and rendered both sexually different and meaningful. To be a subject, or to speak, is to be complicit with this objectifying gaze. There can be no pure and innocent femininity outside this structure precisely because the female body is produced as female only through this desire: He stripped me, gourmand that he was, as if he were stripping the leaves off an artichoke- but do not imagine much finesse about it; this artichoke was no particular treat for the diner nor was he yet in any greedy haste. He approached his familiar treat with a weary appetite. And when nothing but my scarlet, palpitating core remained, I saw, in the mirror, the living image of an etching by Rops from the collection he had shown me when our engagement permitted us to be alone together †¦the child with her sticklike limbs, naked but for her button boots, her gloves, shielding her face with her hand as though her face were the last repository of her modesty; and the old monocled lecher who examined her, limb by limb. He in his London tailoring; she, bare as a lamb chop. Most pornographic of all confrontations. And so my purchaser unwrapped his bargain. And, as at the opera, when I had first seen my flesh in his eyes, I was aghast to feel myself stirring. (Carter 1979, 15). In The Bloody Chamber masculinity is described as a mask, as achieving its power only in not being seen; it is only by viewing the body as masked, as clothed, that a male subject is posited as unseen, behind all the staging. Similarly, it is only through the threat of law, prohibition and punishment, only through a violence directed against the female body, that the male subject is produced as authority. Sexual difference is not, for Carter, a topic to be treated ironically. On the contrary, the very structure of irony is itself sexual. The point of view that observes, objectifies and is other than any determined body, or the point of view of narration, voice, desire and speech, has traditionally been defined as different from the feminine. Indeed, the feminine is just what is other than, or different from, the pure gaze of subjectivity. For this reason, Carter’s narrating female voice is not a point of view outside traditional difference. Rather, insofar as she speaks, Carter’s narrating female character is also other than her own desired body. ‘The subject’ is itself a fantasy of difference, created through narratives that differentiate desiring gaze and voice from desired and viewed body. Masculine and feminine are images or figures of a difference that is inherent to all thinking and speaking. As de Man and Derrida have noted, to use a concept or speak is to intend or posit some being or sense that is there to be presented, and to create a subjective point of view of one who speaks. One cannot adopt a postmodern play that frees itself from metaphysical commitments, a commitment to presence. But one can look at texts to see the ways in which they constitute subject positions and points of view over and against a posited presence. Carter’s narrative shows the ways in which this structure of subject and object, presence and absence, sign and sense has a sexual imaginary. To speak is to be other than the object, and the primary imagined object- that original desired body from which all speech must detach itself- is the female body. -There is also, however, an affirmative dimension to Carter’s irony. She does not just present the classic image of the speaking and viewing subject as masculine; she also intimates a new mode of difference. Here, the feminine would not just be that which is other than the voice of speech and representation, not just that towards which the active and objectifying gaze is directed. Carter’s writing suggests that bodies themselves have a differential power. Bodies become human, become animal and, in ‘The Company of Wolves’, her rewriting of ‘Red Riding Hood’, animal and human bodies fall in love and live happily ever after. Difference is not just the imposed relation between male and female on otherwise equivalent bodies. The body is not a presence that is then taken up in representation; nor is it an imagined and lost presence forever desired by a self-enclosed and disembodied voice of representation. Just as Derrida insists that speech intends or posits some sense beyond the sign, and cannot therefore be reduced to a closed system of difference, so he also argues that signs create forces beyond sense and presence. Carter, similarly, not only looks at the ways in which the traditional sexual binary posits some lost presence- the female body there to be viewed- she also looks at the way the inscription of this fantasy and the bodies it represents can have a force that exceeds sense. -Her stories are ironic repetitions of the production of the feminine as a lost absence; but she adopts this voice and then shows that it is not a simple or negated outside. The body disrupts inside and outside, male and female subject and object. Carter’s characters constantly undress to reveal an underlying animality, or a becoming-animal. The human is not some basic essence that we all share; nor is it a common ground. On the contrary, the human in Carter’s stories is achieved through performance and clothing. This allows us to add a further dimension to Carter’s irony and demythisation. -Not only do her texts inhabit and disrupt the traditional images of male and female that have been used to differentiate object and subject, she also creates new styles of voice. If traditional speech and point of view create an ‘I’ who speaks over and against a presence that is there to be re-presented, new styles of writing would destroy the singularity of point of view. This would be postmodern, not because it set itself ‘behind’ or above all the discourses that it surveyed but did not intend. Rather, the text would destroy the position of speech and point of view, producing not a subject/object or subject/predicate logic, but a humorous play of surfaces. Carter’s stories often repeat phrases from other stories, without quotation marks or a defined speaker. In ‘The Bloody Chamber’ a phrase from Red Riding Hood- ‘All the better to see you’- is printed as though it were the speech of the Count, but it is not in quotation marks and is typographically set off from the paragraphs that surround it. Carter uses the space of the page, the literal text, to display the voices of myth and tradition that traverse our narratives and perceptions. Carter presents these lines, not in sentences or quotations, but almost as objects dropped onto the page, without a clear attribution, voice or point of view. -Carter uses the position of the feminine in a critical and utopian manner; if the feminine is produced as other than the male subject, then it can be repeated to gesture to what lies beyond sense and subjectivity.

Discuss the importance of business ethics in international business Essay

Discuss the importance of business ethics in international business - Essay Example In an exasperation of the predicament of the consumers a college student wrote: "In the end we realize that in everything we do we are either spending money or being persuaded to spend our money. This is just one way we the consumers are being exploited (Breaking the Chains, 2006)". The business industries cannot go on with this kind of exploitation. This paper then intends to discuss the relevance of strict adherence to ethical standards. This paper shall be presented with the thesis that the international business has become unethical in its desire to gain more profit. This paper then must be able to present to the public the role of ethics in the international business to enlighten them to what ethical standards can do to protect the people as consumers and workers of the gigantic system in the international business. Specifically, this paper shall define what business ethics means and to present realistic situations that can illustrate how the business industries can become the worst enemies of the consumers without the ethical standards. Business ethics is defined as "written and unwritten codes of principles and values that govern decisions and actions within a company (Business, 2008)". Accordingly, the culture of the organization sets standards for determining the difference between good and bad decision making and behavior. Where business organizations are usually put up with visions and missions of providing quality goods and services, it must be that they should observe business ethics that are rooted to the concept of doing right and deciding best for the greater majority of the masses and not for their own selfish interest. And yet, it may seem that business establishments in the international order have forgotten that their prime concern should be the interest of the people. Instead these business industries exploit and squeeze out more money and labor from the consumers and from their work force. Instead of serving the people as part of their mission, they deprive or shortchange these people of what must be due to them. And yet not many try would even to struggle out or to do something to improve their working condition or to question the morality and ethics of the spiraling cost of goods and services. This is also what WiseGeek pointed out when it wrote: Business ethics should eliminate exploitation, from the sweat shop children who are making sneakers to the coffee serving staff who are being ripped off in wages. Business ethics can be applied to everything from the trees cut down to make the paper that a business sells to the ramifications of importing coffee from certain countries (WiseGeek, 2008). Ethics indeed must be the conscience of the international business world. It should not be left forgotten in the hearts of any organization. Business ethics is relevant in the fulfilment of industrial peace and justice in the society. Wiley (1995) also indicated this in her discussion on what managers must maintain to keep their companies: "In today's domestic and global economies, the